Determinants of Sexual Debut among High School Girl Students in Arsi Zone, Huruta Town, Ethiopia

Adolescence defined as a transition from childhood to adulthood with features including secondary sexual growth, changes in hormonal milieu, emotional, cognitive and psychological development. Adolescents are usually adventurous in all spheres of human activities including experimentation of sexual practices. Adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years constitutes about approximately 880 million of world’s population. 

There are over 600 million girls (aged 10 to 19) in the world today; more than half million of them live in low and middle-income countries. Only, Sub-Saharan Africa make up 23 percent of the world adolescent’s population, while Ethiopia adolescents’ population constitutes about 26.1 percent of the total population. Early sexual debut is defined as sexual activity before 18 years, the age of legal adulthood in Ethiopia. Adolescent sexual experimentation before marriage is considered as the reproductive health problems. Read More>>>>

Determinants of Cardiac Ejection Fraction for the Patients with Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

Ejection fraction (EF) indicates to the percentage of blood that is pumped (or ejected) out of the ventricles with each heartbeat. One of the most important determinants of the severity of systolic heart failure is the ejection fraction (EF). EF acts as a common measure of a person's cardiac function, and it is generally measured by echocadiogram. 

Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

EF is always low in patients with systolic congestive heart failure. A low EF is always associated with some cardiac diseases. Generally, healthy individuals have EF between 50% and 65%. In practice, normal values depend on the mathematical model (for example EF(%)=100SV/EDV, SV=stroke volume=end-diastolic volume (EDV) -end-systolic volume (ESV)) being used to compute the EF, and it may depend on the person's physical, biochemical, lifestyle, working nature, dietary parameters, etc. Read More>>>>

Fighting Tuberculosis: From China to America

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease and a modern day problem. In the early 1900s, TB killed one out of every seven people living in Europe and the United States. Though no longer so frightened in these regions, TB is still a serious global public health threat. 

Tuberculosis

According to the 2016 WHO report, in 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new TB cases worldwide, 1.0 million (10%) of them were children. People living with HIV accounted for 1.2 million (11%) of all new TB cases. More alarmingly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) cases are on the rise. In 2015, 3.9% of new and 21% of previously treated TB cases were estimated to have been caused by MDR-TB. Read More>>>>>>

Global Strategies for Elimination of Leprosy: A Review of Current Progress

There has been a global reduction in cases of leprosy over the past twenty-years due to the combined efforts of WHO, local governments, health professionals, and non-governmental organizations. Nonetheless, the number of cases remains relatively high. 

Leprosy

Data compiled by WHO indicates that approximately 182, 000 people, mainly in Asia and Africa, were affected with the disease at the beginning of 2012, with approximately 219, 000 new cases reported during 2011. These numbers represent significant reductions from the 5 million cases estimated during 1985 and the estimated 3 million cases in 1995. Read More>>>>>

Elderly People with Chronic Diseases: A Vision Of The Future

The Spanish Constitution in its article 43 establishes the Right to Health and its development, through the General Health Law, urges the Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) and los Servicios Sanitarios de las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) to develop Comprehensive Plans or Autonomic Health Plans. 

Chronic Diseases

In 2003, the Law was approved (16/2003) on Cohesion and Quality of SNS, that recommends the elaboration of Comprehensive Health Plans for the most prevalent, relevant or special pathologies involving a socio-family burden, guaranteeing comprehensive health care that includes prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Read More>>>

The Analysis of Yellow Fever Virus Antigen in Human Serum from Epidemic Areas of Tianjin Port, 2012

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute infectious disease caused by yellow fever virus (YFV), which is one of the three infectious diseases of international health regulations. YFV belongs to flavivirus, transmitted through the medium of mosquito among vertebrates. 

Yellow Fever

As molecular epidemiological data shown, YFV has seven genotypes distribution geographically and it associates with a specific genotype in one outbreak. YFV infection has Jungle type and city type. The type of the jungle is transmitted in the form of monkey-mosquito-monkey. However, human is the main source of city type. The main clinical symptoms are fever, jaundice, hemorrhage and proteinuria, 5% to 20% of patients manifested clinical symptoms, a small number of patients came to severe case and death. Read More>>>>>