An epidemic of human infection (h-H7N9 AI)
with a novel Avian Influenza A (H7N9) virus (h-H7N9 AIV)broke out in China in
2013. The first case occurred in Shanghai on February 19, 2013, neighbouring
provinces were involved in the next months. Until May 10, 2013, 131 confirmed
cases had been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO), of which 32cases died (24.4%).
It was considered that the incidence and mortality were both
high. Six hundred and twenty eight cases were confirmed up to April, 2015.
Until June 2016, 767 cases had occurred only in the mainland with inputting
cases in other regions and countries. It was suggested that the human infection
with H7N9 AIV is “Natural Focus Disease” and the “Natural Focus” is in mainland
China, therefore, it cannot be spread outward. “Natural Focus Disease” often is
referred to as “Zoonosis” by most scholars in scientific papers. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Cleaning
and disinfection are essential steps in the reprocessing of medical devices. AutomatedWasher-Disinfectors (AWDs) are widely used in healthcare settings to obtain
both clean and disinfected medical devices.
The use of AWD is advocated in
literature and in standards for minimizing processing variability and infective
risk for the staff of the central sterile supply department (CSSD). According
to the European Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC and subsequent amendments
by 2007/47/EC a claim made on a product or procedure has to be proven. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
We report a 6 month-old baby boy with fever for 5 months,
generalized rash for 3 months, cough and cold for 1 month, poor feeding and
weight loss over last 1 month. He had an uneventful perinatal period and received BCG at birth. Examination revealed mild pallor, generalized
erythematous papular rash with central crusting and splenohepatomegaly. Skin
biopsy and culture confirmed BCG infection while computed tomography of abdomen
and skeletal survey showed disseminated involvement. Immunological
investigations were suggestive of an underlying SCID. The infant showed
improvement with antitubercular therapy combined with intravenous
immunoglobulin and other supportive measures.
Colonization of oral
surfaces by Candida spp. is considered a risk factor for invasive fungal
infections. Oropharyngeal candidiasis manifests clinically as acute
pseudomembranous, acute atrophic, chronic atrophic, chronic hypertrophic/hyperplastic
and angular cheilitis.
Denture-related stomatitis (or chronic atrophic
candidiasis) is characterized by an inflammation of the mucous membrane located
beneath the prosthesis, particularly under the upper denture, sometimes
accompanied by hemorrhagic petechiae. Denture stomatitis is the commonest form
of oral candidiasis and its reported prevalence varies widely reaching up to
65% of denture wearers. Patients may complain of a burning sensation,
irritation, discomfort, bad taste and disturbance of salivation, but in the
majority of cases they are unaware of the problem. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Research
has repeatedly shown that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals
experience higher risk for both somatic and psychiatric diseases, as compared to
heterosexual individuals.
In addition, it has been demonstrated that LGB
individuals constitute a higher-risk group for health risk behaviors such as
smoking, elevated levels of alcohol consumption and substance abuse, as well as
higher body-mass index among women . Also, there are some results of higher
disability rates among sexual minority individuals, which is consistent with
pernicious effects of minority stress. However, the prior studies are based on
self reported data and their findings should hence be interpreted in the
context of possible misclassifications and recall biases. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>
