Clostridium
difficile is An anaerobic spore forming gram positive bacilli. It is
transmitted through fecal-oral route and can cause Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI) when there is alteration in normal bowel flora mostly secondary
to antibiotic use. Infections with Clostridium difficile ranges from
asymptomatic carrier or mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous Colitis. It is the
most common cause of health-care associated diarrhea
The
incidence of CDI is increasing worldwide especially after the emergence of
North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP-1) strain which wasidentified in 2002 and was the cause of multiple outbreaks of CDI. NAP-1 strain
is known to produce greater quantities of Toxin A & B with higher risk of
relapse resulting in more series diseases. Regarding the incidence of CDI in
Saudi Arabia, There is only one small study in 2010 describing the annual
prevalence which is around 1 per 1000 discharge. But there is no published data
on CDI in pediatric hematology-oncology population.CDI
prevalence in pediatrics population is low, but currently it is recognized as
an increasingly important pathogen in children. There is increasing incidence
of CDI among pediatric patients with estimated annual incidence rate of
2.6-4/1000 admission in published reports CDI accounted for 32% of diarrheal
episodes among hospitalized pediatric patients.
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