The autoimmune sequel of rheumatic heart disease(RHD)
and rheumatic fever(RH) are due to partially treated pharyngitis. Killer cell immunoglobulin
like receptors (KIR) of natural killer cell is susceptible to various
autoimmune diseases. A study was conducted in 29 patients (pharyngitis, RHD andRF) and one control, to know the association of different KIR genes indevelopment of RHD/RF. The study reported that the frequency of activating
KIR2DS4A and inhibitory KIR2DL5B were less in RHD compared to control but
higher than pharyngitis.From the study it is clear that genetic imbalance
between activating and inhibitory receptors of KIR are associated with
autoimmune regulation of RHD/RH.
A significant difference in the frequency of
KIR2DS2A and KIR3DL1B were found in pharyngitis compared to control.
Interestingly, the overall data revealed a marked decrease of activating genes
in pharyngitis and an increase in RHD. However, in the study, the framework
genes were comparatively conserved and pseudo genes did not show any
significant change. Thus, the study suggests an association of KIR in the pathogenesis
of RF/RHD by demonstrating the variations in specific genotypes. This can be
correlated to the prolonged activation of NK cells which may be accountable for
regulation of adaptive immune response and self-tolerance. Further study in
large cohort may unveil more information regarding the role of KIR in the
development of the disease. Read more...............
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