Disseminated BCG Disease in an Infant with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, made from an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis , is administered routinely in the neonatal period in TB endemic countries including India, as a part of the Universal Immunization schedule. Having only local complications in general, BCG is associated with lethal disseminated disease in those with immunodeficiency. 

Several primary immunodeficiency syndromes have been associated with disseminated BCG disease (BCGiosis), such as Mendelian susceptibility to Mycobacterial disease (MSMD), hyper-IgM syndrome, Di George syndrome, chronic granulomatous disease, Severe combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), IL (Interleukin)-12/23 receptor β1 chain deficiency, IL-12p40 deficiency, STAT1 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) deficiency and NEMO (Nuclear factor kappa-beta essential modulator) deficiency. Read more>>>>